CREATE

We understand the circular economy as an economic and organizational system grounded in the principles of renewable energy and resource use, smart product design, and the continuous circulation of products, components, and materials at their highest utility and value. In this model, multinational enterprises, suppliers, recyclers, and other socially embedded actors collaborate to reduce, reuse, and recycle production and consumption waste by closing material loops across extended global value chains that integrate production, consumption, reuse, repair, recycling, and recovery activities. The overarching aim is to support sustainable production and consumption systems that contribute to planetary balance, resource conservation, and societal wellbeing (Rana & Whitfield, 2024).